Monday 3 August 2020

Book Response - The Other Side of the Wall by Munther Isaac

Book Response - The Other Side of the Wall by Munther Isaac

Dr Isaac writes about how Christian Zionism either wishes him invisible, or even non-existent. He also chides western theologians with telling him what his theology should be, saying that as a Christian Palestinian, he should have input into this. He then mentions how, as a child he disliked reading God’s promises to Israel in the Old Testament. He has since endlessly sought out other ways of viewing Scripture, western or not, which might enable him to reject how he first read the Scriptures.

The sad thing is that he never seems to have asked, “where might I, as a Christian Palestinian, fit into a Christian Zionist theology?” All this time opposing it, but never even an attempt to do his own theological work, to discover where his own people might fit into this theology, into this first, simple, child-like reading of the Scriptures.

So. Where do Christian Palestinians fit in Christian Zionism? Do Christian Zionists wish that the Palestinian Christian community did not exist? How does the return of the Jewish people to the Land of Israel affect the Palestinian Christians? What comfort can Christian Zionism offer to this community? What part might they have in God’s plans of salvation? Are they unwanted, or could they be honoured, vital and even transformational? Is Christian Zionism exactly what this community does need? The answer to this question lies in a specific application of the general, foundational principles of Christian Zionism.

1.      The Jewish people are brought back to be a universal blessing

2.      The Jewish people being brought back to be blessed and saved!

3.      The Jewish people are saved with the aid of Gentile Christians

God has brought the Jewish people back to the land for their blessing and for the blessing of the nations, he has brought them back for their salvation, and for the salvation of the nations! Like the prophets of old, we need to search intently and with greatest care concerning this salvation. We need to examine the time and the circumstances, prepare our minds for action and be self-controlled, as we all live as strangers here in reverent fear!

As for Christian Zionists, the presence in that land of a pre-existing Christian community should always have been viewed as an act of grace.


“What we need is not so much a theology of the land as a theology of salvation!” 

As a Christian Zionists we need to move beyond a discussion of a theology of the Land, and focus rather on a theology of salvation. As we look at Romans 15, and its theological predecessor, Acts 15, we find something vital. God promises to restore the fallen tabernacle of David, to confirm the promises to the Patriarchs, why?? In both cases, so that the Gentiles might glorify God! So that the remnant of men may seek the Lord, and all the Gentiles who bear my name,

Romans 15:8-11; "For I tell you that Christ has become a servant of the Jews on behalf of God's truth, to confirm the promises made to the patriarchs SO THAT the Gentiles may glorify God for his mercy. Likewise, in Acts 15:13-17 James declares that the Gentiles are included in the Gospel on the basis of a promise to restore Israel; “Simon has described to us how God at first showed his concern by taking from the Gentiles a people for himself. The words of the prophets are in agreement with this, as it is written: " 'After this I will return and rebuild David's fallen tent. Its ruins I will rebuild, and I will restore it, SO THAT the remnant of men may seek the Lord, and all the Gentiles who bear my name, says the Lord, who does these things'

These verses are about the salvation of both Jews and Gentiles! The restoration of Israel is not irrelevant to Gentiles, rather they are its goal. Israel is restored so that Gentiles may be blessed! (God obviously loves the Jewish people also!!, but the thrust of these verses is clear.) As Evangelicals either we take the word of God seriously, or we do not. Both James and Paul declare that God will restore Israel SO THAT Gentiles might seek and glorify God.

This was always central to God’s promises to Abraham – “And you are heirs of the prophets and of the covenant God made with your fathers. He said to Abraham, 'Through your offspring all peoples on earth will be blessed.' (Acts 3:25 - a long time before Acts 15!) This is why Christian Zionism would hold that the regathered Jewish nation will be a blessing to all the world. It was never an end in itself! Micah 5:7 “The remnant of Jacob will be in the midst of many peoples like dew from the LORD, like showers on the grass.” Do we believe this is true for the Palestinians?? As the community closest to the Jewish community, the Palestinian Christians could have been in a place of exceptional blessing!

They were also in a place of great responsibility! That is, rather than being irrelevant or unwanted, they were given great responsibility and potentially great blessing, if they could only recognise and fulfil their calling.

Their glorious calling

"I will make you envious by those who are not a nation; I will make you angry by a nation that has no understanding." (Deuteronomy 32: 21, quoted in Romans 10:19)

So, where do Christian Arabs appear in Christian Zionism? What is their role in all this? Or, put another way, what is the role of Gentiles in the salvation of Israel?

Romans 11:11 Again I ask: Did they stumble so as to fall beyond recovery? Not at all! Rather, because of their transgression, salvation has come to the Gentiles to make Israel envious.


Christian Zionism sees a role for Gentiles in the salvation of Jews. Jesus says you will not see me again until you say; blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord! “And how can they believe in the one of whom they have not heard? And how can they hear without someone preaching to them? And how can they preach unless they are sent?” As the Christian community with the greatest exposure to the re-gathered Jewish community, might not God have a special role for the Palestinian Christians in provoking Israel to envy through their showing of love to them?

Romans 11:30Just as you who were at one time disobedient to God have now received mercy as a result of their disobedience, so they too have now become disobedient in order that they too may now receive mercy as a result of God's mercy to you.

All they had to do was show love and mercy to the stranger, the refugee, their neighbour. Has the Palestinian Christian community lived in such a way as to make the Jewish people envious of their grace and faith and kindness??? Have they in humility loved and blessed their Jewish neighbours?

While they may have been ignored by Western evangelicals, the Arab believers were never ignored or unwanted by God! 

Rather they could have been used to bless Israel, and then in turn become the first fruits of universal blessing! They could have found that God had given them special promises to help them through this difficult time; see Isaiah 14:1 “The LORD will have compassion on Jacob; once again he will choose Israel and will settle them in their own land. Aliens will join them and unite with the house of Jacob.” And Isaiah 56:6-8 “And foreigners who bind themselves to the LORD to serve him, to love the name of the LORD, and to worship him, all who keep the Sabbath without desecrating it and who hold fast to my covenant-- these I will bring to my holy mountain and give them joy in my house of prayer. Their burnt offerings and sacrifices will be accepted on my altar; for my house will be called a house of prayer for all nations.’ The Sovereign LORD declares-- he who gathers the exiles of Israel: ‘I will gather still others to them besides those already gathered.’"

Frustratingly, on page 87, Dr Isaac quotes from a number of these passages, including Ezekiel 47, to prove that a restored Israel (as envisioned in the Bible and affirmed by Christian Zionism) would be inclusive of righteous others! Look at how God himself introduced these verses!! Ezekiel 47:13-14 “This is what the Sovereign LORD says: "These are the boundaries by which you are to divide the land for an inheritance among the twelve tribes of Israel, with two portions for Joseph. You are to divide it equally among them. Because I swore with uplifted hand to give it to your forefathers, this land will become your inheritance.” Dr Isaac later contradicts God, and rejects the idea that such verses apply to Israel, even after having shown that if they did, then he might be included as an honoured member with them! He argues against his own case, and shows that real Christian Zionism should indeed be inclusive of righteous others!!! The very case that he should be making!! Dr Isaac also claims (88-94) that all God’s promises to Israel are fulfilled in the person of Jesus. This ignores the clear teaching of Romans 15:8 and Acts 3:21. 2 Corinthians 1:20 confirms this. Will God restore Israel as he promised? Yes! Because of Jesus!! He is the Messiah after all! It is only because of him and through him that God’s promises will be realised. He does not do away with those promises, he guarantees them!

Dr Isaac skims too quickly over Romans 11 (Paul’s central teaching on the present and future of Israel). The unbelieving Jews have been broken off, the believing gentiles have been grafted in, but that is not the end of those unbelieving branches! At present they remain beloved of God on account of the Patriarchs, and in the future, they will be grafted back and all Israel will be saved! The implications of these verses should not be ignored.

The tragedy is that the Palestinian Church leaders largely chose to side rather with their ethnicity, with the Moslem community, rather than with the commands and promises of their God. This is their shame and this is their tragedy. 

First fruits – the more excellent way

In the Song of Moses and elsewhere, we see a restored Israel being a blessing to the nations (“Rejoice, O nations, with his people”). All this occurs after the return of Jesus. At present, we see only a remnant of Jews saved by grace, and across the nations we see only the scattered children of God (John 11:51-52). And so we read, Deuteronomy 32:21 “I will make them envious by those who are not a people.”

Let us now look therefore, not at the denominational splendour of the Palestinian churches, but rather at the still, small voice of the remnant.

In his article; “the 21st century Palestinian church in Israel” [found in “Israel, the Church and the Middle East”] Tom Doyle writes of meeting with a small group of Palestinian Christians in Gaza in 2002. He speaks of their vibrant faith. They were led by Ali, a guitar-playing former Muslim from the West Bank. He also noted that the guitar had bullet holes through it. Ali explained that while he was entering through the crossing, he was speaking to a soldier, Aaron, whom he had gotten to know as he crossed back and forth. Aaron was concerned about his guitar case, as the week before, a terrorist had tried to smuggle a bomb through that way. He had the IDF robot put the bullets through it.

“Aaron was just doing his job. I didn’t get mad, and the Lord used it. I was able to tell this young Jewish soldier that I was no longer a Muslim. He asked if that was possible, and I said; “yes, I’m a Jesus follower now. … the Jewish messiah changed my life!” I then hugged him and told him he had a rough job and that I would be praying for him. Aaron was speechless. The Holy Spirit as dealing with him. How privileged I was to tell a young Jewish Israeli about Jesus. The bullet holes? Totally worth it!”

Another young Gazan, Sami, shortly after his conversion, was convicted by the Sermon on the Mount to pray that he would love his enemies. “I expected Jesus to forgive me for my hatred, and to change my heart in the process. He could do that, of course, but I thought I might merely tolerate Jews, and that would be the end of that. I was not prepared for the complete fulfilment of this prayer. Jesus not only took away my hatred for Israel and the Jews, but he replaced it with a love for them. This was unexpected. How could I love the Jewish people while living in the Gaza Strip?” When another young Palestinian Christian in Gaza was murdered by Islamic extremists, Palestinian churches and Messianic congregations came together to establish a trust for his wife and children.

Sami himself, along with the other young members of the Gazan Baptist Church, was relocated to the West Bank by Israel, for their own safety. “By the time I reached Jerusalem, I’d read through the Scriptures several times. How could I doubt that God loved the Jewish people? It was all over the Bible.” Today, Sami is passionate about reaching Jews. He is learning Hebrew and has a heart to reach out to Orthodox Jewish men. “Jesus has called Jews and Arabs in Christ to serve him together. This is deep within the heart of God. I used to hate Jews and run from them. Now I run to them. God has called me, a humble Palestinian to reach the lost sheep of Israel. I have trouble fathoming this at times. Recently, I shared with an Orthodox man on a bus. I told him I was from Gaza and used to hate him and all Jews. But then Jesus, the Jewish messiah came into my life and gave me a deep love and respect for Jewish people. I think he was in absolute shock. He finally asked me if I would come to his house that night and share my story with his family. I did come and was overwhelmed with the opportunity to share Jesus with an Orthodox family at their Sabbath meal. Me, a Palestinian from Gaza in an observant Jewish home in Israel and being invited to tell them about Jesus? Only God could have orchestrated this one.” Sami also speaks of a harvest among Muslims in Gaza. Speaking of witnessing to Jews, Sami stated that, rather than presenting the proofs for Jesus as Messiah, “I aim the Gospel at me, and tell them how Jesus changed me and took away my hatred for Jews and the State of Israel. … Can you imagine being Jewish and seeing how anti-Semitism is growing in Europe and soaring in the Middle East? Then to have someone confess their hatred to him or her from Gaza like us and ask for their forgiveness? The question I am always asked is ‘what caused your change of heart? Was it being in the West Bank and actually seeing Jews for the first time, other than just soldiers?’ Then I tell them that my change of heart happened when I lived in Gaza. The Jewish messiah set me free from my hatred of Jews and Israel. My wife and I have this deep burden for Jews to come to know Yeshua!”

Tom then asked him; “The team you serve with and lead in the West Bank has many former Muslims. Do they have the same heart you have to reach Muslims and Jews?” “Yes, one of the brothers named Mahmoud is also learning Hebrew like us. He has the Shema tattooed on his forearm in Hebrew. It is hard for Jewish people to fathom this on a former Muslim!” 

Hanna, again a Gazan Christian, said “I knew in my heart that God was not finished with the Jewish people because of what I read in the Scriptures. Then, at a meeting, a messianic believer stood up and prayed; “Lord, give me so much love for my Palestinian brother here that I would be willing to die for him.” A Palestinian brother then stood up as well and said; “Lord, give me so much love for my Jewish brother that I would be willing to die for him too.” That is the body of Christ in action. Every time I meet with my messianic brothers and sisters The presence of the Lord falls upon us when we are together and we are overwhelmed by the love of God.” This is the new man the apostle Paul talked about. “If the world can see Jews and Arabs come together in love peace and harmony in Israel because of our Jesus, how can they doubt that this is a work of God?”

God has always chosen the things which are not to shame the things which are (1 Corinthians 1:27-28). The poor and despised to reach the rest. Might He not now choose the tiny faithful remnant of the Palestinian church (“I will make them envious by those who are not a people”), along with the tiny Messianic community to proclaim his love and mercy to Israel? The Messianic community, Simeon, held captive by Joseph (“I Paul, a slave of Jesus Christ”) in an attempt to draw the sons of Jacob back to him?

Think of the blessing Palestinian Christians could be! To the Jew first, and also to the Gentile (God loves Muslims also!!!) Think too of the Palestinians killed in Gaza – how quick we are to say “80% were Hamas!” So its all OK?? What might a Palestinian Christian say? “They are my brothers, my kinsmen according to the flesh – I have great sorrow and unceasing grief in my heart because they are not saved!”  God desires all be saved – have we indeed ignored or dismissed the Palestinians in our love for Israel, or do we cry out to God for them? This does not mean we agree with or support Hamas!! Rather it means our God loves sinners!

What an incredible blessing the Palestinian Christians could become!! Pray for them!!


Book Review - The Other Side of the Wall by Munther Isaac

Book Review - The Other Side of the Wall by Munther Isaac

I have been a Christian Zionist for about 50 years now. I have lived many years in Israel and the wider Middle East. I write this because I see much that is admirable in Dr Isaac, and hope that he knows that we all grow more from thoughtful criticism than from bland praise. I have certainly grown through interactions with other Palestinian theologians, and pray that he receives this critique in positive way.

Dr Isaac writes passionately about the evils of empire, imperial theology and the powerful, contrasting this with the meek, the poor and the downtrodden. He also writes about the importance of justice and righteousness.

The problems come when he tries to deploy these terms.

If you looked around the world in the 1880s, where might you find Imperial power? In the dazzling palaces and huge armies of the Tsar’s Russian Empire? Apparently not. So, who were the truly imperial and powerful? They were the small groups of desperate Russian Jews fleeing the state backed pogroms. Who knew?? But, Dr Isaac repeatedly assures us, Israel is the very epitome of empire, and Christian Zionism is imperial theology.

Switch to the 1930s, where would you find an example of the evils of empire? In the expanding power of the Nazi regime? Again, apparently not. Look rather to the Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi Germany, of whom in 1938, an American writer wrote: “What is to be done with these people, with the millions who are clawing like frantic beasts at the dark walls of the suffocating chambers where they are imprisoned? The Christian world has practically abandoned them, and sits by with hardly an observable twinge of conscience in the midst of this terrible catastrophe.”

That is where Dr Isaac finds the practitioners of imperial power! Imperil power = small groups of Jewish refugees returning to the land of their fathers, legally purchasing malarial land and building a new city on sand dunes. Zionism was not conceived as an Imperial venture, but as a rescue mission. In 1926, Ben Gurion wrote that; “the Arab community is an organic, inextricable part of Palestine; it is embedded in the country where it toils and where it will stay. It is not to disinherit this community nor to thrive on its destruction that Zionism came into being … Only a madman can attribute such a desire to the Jewish people in Palestine. Palestine will belong to the Jewish people and its Arab inhabitants.” In 1937, he wrote; We do not wish and do not need to expel Arabs and take their place. All our aspiration is built on the assumption – proven throughout all our activity in the Land – that there is enough room in the country for ourselves and the Arabs.” Again in 1937, at the Twentieth Zionist Congress, he declared; “No Jewish State, big or small, in part of the country or in its entirety will be [truly] established so long as the land of the prophets does not witness the realize of the great and moral ideals nourished in our hearts for generations; one law for all residents, just rule, love for ones neighbour, true equality.” In 1938, in its submission to the Peel commission, the Zionist movement undertook “not only to respect the civil and religious rights of its non-Jewish citizens, but also to safeguard and, to the best of its ability, to improve their positions.”  

Ze’ev Jabotinsky likewise foresaw the Arab minority as full citizens, participating on an equal footing “throughout all sectors of the country’s public life.” As early as 1905 he stated that “we must treat the Arabs correctly and affably, without any violence or injustice.” The tragedy is that this goodwill (which was not perfect, but nevertheless genuine) was not reciprocated. 

Which brings us to his usage of justice and righteousness. He seems to think that these are on the side of the Palestinians!

It was apparently justice which inspired the Palestinian Christian communities to join and lead the General Strike of 1936, whose main aim was to prevent Jewish refugees (like those in the above quote) finding sanctuary in Palestine. Slamming the door shut on Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi death camps is now a form of righteousness? Seriously? Chapter 5 of Dr Isaac’s book is all about “Who is my Neighbour?” and he speaks positively of advocacy work on behalf of refugees. Who was your neighbour in 1936 when the [Palestinian Anglican] PNCC declared that it “abhorred the tide of Jewish immigration.” In 1935, a congress of Christian Arab clergy issued a declaration forbidding the sale of land to Jews. “whoever sells or speculates in the sale of any portion of the homeland is considered the same as one who sells the place of Jesus’ birth or his tomb and as such will be considered a heretic against the principles of Christianity and all believers are required to ban and interdict him.” These churches said you would lose your salvation if you sold land to a Jewish refugee!! Was this showing love to your Jewish neighbors? On page 178 he quotes Jesus “I was a stranger and you did not welcome me.” He then says; “this is about welcoming the refugee.” In the 1930s, the Jewish people fell into the hands of robbers. How did the Palestinian Christians make them feel welcome?? "Then the King will say to those on his left, 'Depart from me, … for I was a stranger and you did not invite me in.” On page 118 Dr Isaac writes; “My theology of the Jewish people is this, love your neighbour as yourself.” Did your church live up to this when it would not sell them land, and shut the doors to their desperate refugees? Or does it need to repent? As he writes on page 125, “no good theology whatsoever can justify hating, rejecting or even slightly discriminating against any people group.”

After the war, when the cries of the Jewish community in Palestine, mocked at the time by Palestinian Christians, were proven to have been true, when the full extent of the Holocaust was revealed, did the Christian community then repent and confess, “we closed our doors and our hearts to you in your time of need, and now millions are dead – please, bring your survivors here, and let us live together”? No. They publicly pledged their support to a friend of Hitler, a known Nazi war criminal who had taken a role in that very Holocaust! The Mufti, Haj Amin al-Husseini. In 1947 a meeting of Arab Orthodox clergy in Jerusalem sent a telegram to the Arab Higher Executive, officially led by Haj Amin al-Husseini expressing “absolute confidence in its leadership,” and announcing “to the whole world the cooperation of the Arab Orthodox Community in weal and woe, with its sister, the dear Muslim community.” They also sent another to the British High Commissioner, stating their community “supports the faithful leaders and the Arab Higher Executive.” The Arab Anglicans also pushed a strong nationalist agenda throughout the 1940s. Bishop Stewart (who also opposed a Jewish state) feared that “their nationalist spirit is both strong and wrong.” Bishop Stewart indeed protested a document circulated by the Christian Church Union in Palestine that claimed the Christian community was “in complete agreement both in principle and in deed with the Moslems” and was signed by members of the Arab-Anglican community. In 1947 the Latin Patriarch’s secretary similarly wrote to the AHC assuring it that they would never sell land to the Jews. “for I was a stranger and you did not invite me in.”

In the War of Independence, 1947-48, who were the more righteous? The Palestinians, under the leadership of said Nazi war criminal, who rejected every compromise, every peace plan, who even refused to extend the cease fire? Or the Jewish community, who accepted every compromise, every peace plan, and were ready to extend the cease-fire to their own detriment? The Palestinians who cut off all food, water and electricity to the 100,000 Jewish civilians of Jerusalem, waging a war of ethnic cleansing, or the Jewish community who baked bread on the Sabbath to encourage the Arab population for Haifa not to leave? The British mediator at the talks between the two communities in Haifa said to the Arab representatives, after they announced their decision to leave; “You have made a foolish decision. Think it over, as you will regret it afterwards. You must accept the decision of the Jews. They are fair enough. Don’t permit life to be destroyed senselessly. After all, it was you who began the fighting and the Jews have won.” The truce terms included that Arabs were expected to “carry on their work as equal and free citizens of Haifa.”

Now, it was war, neither side were perfect, but who were the more righteous??

Dr Isaac does not like the Israeli checkpoints or wall. He says Jesus does not like them either. I remember a friend telling my daughter how she loves the wall – before it was there, she had been shot at and had rocks smash her window, even as her baby son was asleep in the back. Now, when driving that section of road, she feels safe. At present, those checkpoints and wall save civilian lives. Pray that the violence that makes them necessary disappear, then they can go. Until then, they inconvenience Palestinians and save Israeli (Jewish and Arab) lives. Unless you think Palestinian inconvenience is a higher moral priority than Israeli lives, they should be supported.

On page 190, Dr Isaac writes about the wars in Gaza. Rather than say ‘while we disagree on many things, the Israeli efforts to protect our civilians, especially our women and children during these conflicts, spark real hope among us of the possibilities for future peaceful coexistence,’ he wrote “the Israeli military was disproportional and inhumane, with no regard for civilian life, especially innocent women and children.” Col. Richard Kemp was a British commander in Northern Ireland, Iraq and Afghanistan, and was a member of an international military committee who investigated Israeli actions during that conflict. He wrote; “[listen] to Gen. Martin E. Dempsey, chairman of the United States Joint Chiefs of Staff, who said last November that the I.D.F. had taken extraordinary measures to try to limit civilian casualties. Or to a group of 11 senior military officers from seven nations, including the United States, Germany, Spain and Australia, who also investigated the Gaza conflict recently. “None of us is aware of any army that takes such extensive measures as did the I.D.F. last summer to protect the lives of the civilian population.” Proverbs 25:18 “Like a club or a sword or a sharp arrow is the man who gives false testimony against his neighbor.” Exodus 23:1 "Do not spread false reports. Do not help a wicked man by being a malicious witness.”

He briefly notes that Islamic Dhimma law treated Christians and Jews as second-class citizens. The reality was much worse. For a few examples, in 1823, after an elderly Christian peasant from Beit Jalla was shot and beheaded, his head was stuck on a pike in Jerusalem and the local Muslim boys spat and threw rubbish at it for three days while the local Christians were unable to rescue it or show any grief. In 1828, in Nazareth, a Christian girl who refused the advances of a Muslim man was killed by being dragged through the streets behind a horse. Indeed, prior to 1845, James Finn wrote that Christian women were “dishonoured with impunity.”

He also repeatedly (e.g., 124-125) calls anti-Semitism a Western problem. On page 129 he states that Jews had it better in Islamic lands than Christian ones. Hardly setting a high bar, and doubtful nevertheless. Writing about their experiences in Egypt, from 1825-1835, Edward Lane and Edward Poole described the conditions of the Jews there; “They are held in the utmost contempt and abhorrence by the Muslims in general, … the Jews are detested by the Muslims far more than are the Christians. … many a Jew has been put to death upon a false and malicious accusation of uttering disrespectful words against the Kur-an or the Prophet.” In 1835, the British diplomat Percival Barton Lord recorded how Jews in North Africa still had to walk barefoot when passing a Mosque, while in some cities such as Fez, they were forced to go barefoot at all times. There were pogroms in Lebanon and Jerusalem in 1847 and Syria in 1848 and in 1850 (the same year as attacks were also carried out against the Jews of Morocco). Within the land of Palestine, they were forbidden access to their holy sites and subject to constant humiliations and abuse from both the Muslim and Christian communities. Within Hebron, Jews were banned from entering into the Cave of the Patriarchs, and only (as a sign of their degradation) permitted to go up to the seventh step of the entrance outside it. As they went up these steps, Muslim boys were encouraged by their elders to hit and throw stones at them, to remind them of their proper place.

Chapter six, about his Jewish neighbor, contained the aforementioned quote “My theology of the Jewish people is this, love your neighbour as yourself.” In this chapter, he then goes on to quote Gideon Levi and JVP. This leads into a discussion of “your other Jewish neighbour.” Here he describes Neturei Karta as a beautiful group unjustly shunned, prophets fighting for justice and peace. He quotes Robert Cohen and says that Christians need to find some new Jewish friends. Like the above-mentioned ones. This is profoundly disturbing. Neturei Karta number a mere 5,000 and the Guardian wrote "even among Haredi, or ultra-Orthodox circles, the Neturei Karta are regarded as a wild fringe." After an attack on a Jewish religious Chabad house in India, Neturei Karta issued a leaflet criticising the Chabad movement for its relations with [according to wikipedia] "the filthy, deplorable traitors – the cursed Zionists that are your friends." These are the good Jews, the new Jewish friends that we should make? What message does this send to the overwhelming majority of Jewish people who love Israel? And this in a chapter supposedly all about loving your Jewish neighbour! This highlights the target demographic for this book; well-meaning but uninformed gentile American Christians, who see this and think “how wonderful, here is this Palestinian Christian who just wants to love his Jewish neighbours!” but any Israeli, seeing the names that he mentions, knows that Dr Isaac is sending them a very different message.

In his chapter about Muslims, he totally ignores the 1300 year history of Palestinian Christian experience of Muslim rule (see the quotes above). Concerning the present, a poll taken in 2016, conducted by the Jerusalem Media and Communication Center, found a majority of Palestinians in both the West Bank and Gaza supported attacks on Israeli civilians (important when you consider if wall and checkpoints are still needed!). Another poll taken in 2013 found that 89% of Palestinians favor the imposition of Sharia Law into their society. He should mention that the moderate Muslims he rightly admires remain a tiny minority, and that his hopes for the advocacy by the less than 1% of the population who are Christian for a secular state are doomed to failure.

There are also basic Biblical/theological errors in the book, such as when he says the while God promised it would last forever, the throne of David will not last forever (p80). In this he contradicts the essential Christian understanding of Jesus - see Luke 1:32.

Dr Isaac also tries to deliberately make important concepts too difficult and too obscure to be used. This is not about bringing clarity to an issue, it is about trying to muddy the waters. The concepts of “the land of Israel” and “the Jewish people” are both apparently so convoluted and self-contradictory, so endlessly confusing and complex, that they can have no actual role in any meaningful discussion. This is foolish!

The borders of the Land of Israel are not that difficult, the brook of Egypt is a stream just inside the Sinai also known as Wadi Arish, not the Nile, which is named differently in Hebrew. Joshua 23:4 and other verses show the boundaries were clearly known, and did not initially include land on the far side of the Jordan (Joshua 1:12-17 etc). Genesis 17 says the land of Canaan, and Numbers 34 details this. See also Ezekiel 47 for the future version. Dr Isaac thinks it means the whole world, because the Psalms speak of God ruling the whole earth, but this ignores Deuteronomy 32:8 which shows both God ruling the whole earth, and allotting land to other nations! (see also Acts 17:26).

Concerning the identity of the Jewish people, Dr Isaac does not understand that they are just that, a people. A community with a common history, religion etc. A people who are free to invite and welcome in others who wish to join, and free to disown any who wish not to be a part. A people with an unbroken history from the time in Egypt till this day. Yes, individuals were welcome to join, but that did not mean the community as such lost its identity – 100,000 French refugees were welcomed into England after the French revolution – that did not mean the idea of the British people or culture suddenly had no meaning! Equally, if someone chose to disown the community, to separate themselves from it, by conversion to a different religion etc, they and their offspring ceased to be counted as Jewish. See Genesis 17:14, Exodus 12:19 etc. This Jewish people were scattered in 70AD, dispersed among the nations, endured persecution there, and have now returned to their own land. Just as God promised.

This is not difficult, unless you really, really want it to be.